{"id":414,"date":"2026-03-30T08:00:25","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T08:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/?p=414"},"modified":"2025-12-19T12:22:26","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T12:22:26","slug":"iktidar-soylem-ve-ozne-post-yapisalci-dusunce-yasamin-siyasasi-biyo-ekonomi-ve-benlik-nikolas-rose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/?p=414","title":{"rendered":"Ya\u015fam\u0131n Siyasas\u0131, Biyo-Ekonomi ve Benlik-Nikolas Rose (\u0130ktidar, S\u00f6ylem ve \u00d6zne: Post-Yap\u0131salc\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"paragraph heading3 ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"88\"><strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"88\">Kendimizi Anlama Sanat\u0131m\u0131z De\u011fi\u015fiyor<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"131\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"131\">\u00c7o\u011fumuz kendimizi belli kal\u0131plarla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n\u0131z. Kaderimizin genlerimizde yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ki\u015fili\u011fimizin sabit ve de\u011fi\u015fmez oldu\u011fu ya da sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hastal\u0131k ve esenlik gibi basit ikiliklerden ibaret oldu\u011fu fikri bize tan\u0131d\u0131k gelir. Bu varsay\u0131mlar, kim oldu\u011fumuza dair temel anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015fekillendirir.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"438\">Ancak sosyolog Nikolas Rose&#8217;a g\u00f6re, g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde sessiz bir devrim ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Biyoloji ve t\u0131ptaki yeni teknolojiler ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imleri, &#8220;hayat\u0131n kendisi&#8221; hakk\u0131ndaki en temel anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendiriyor. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, yaln\u0131zca laboratuvarlarda veya hastanelerde de\u011fil, bizzat hayat\u0131 y\u00f6netme, tasarlama ve optimize etme yetene\u011fimizin yeni bir siyasi m\u00fccadele alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Rose&#8217;un &#8220;hayati siyaset&#8221; (<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"873\">vital politics<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"887\">) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi bu yeni alan, kim oldu\u011fumuz, kim olabilece\u011fimiz ve en \u00f6nemlisi kim\u00a0<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"970\">olmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fi<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"987\"> \u00fczerine kurulu.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1003\">Bu yaz\u0131, Rose&#8217;un analizinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, bu yeni hayati siyasetin en \u00f6nemli be\u015f cephesini ke\u015ffedecek. Bu cepheler, kim oldu\u011fumuzla ilgili en yayg\u0131n varsay\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sarsan, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ve ezber bozan i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler sunuyor. Bildi\u011finizi sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ger\u00e7ekler de\u011fi\u015fmek \u00fczere.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"1270\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph heading3 ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"1270\"><strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1270\">&#8220;Geni Bulma Av\u0131&#8221; Bitti, &#8220;Risk Toplumu&#8221; Ba\u015flad\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"1319\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1319\">Bir zamanlar pop\u00fcler olan bir fikir vard\u0131: &#8220;genetik determinizm&#8221;. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye g\u00f6re zeka, hastal\u0131k veya belirli davran\u0131\u015flar gibi karma\u015f\u0131k \u00f6zelliklerin arkas\u0131nda tek bir &#8220;sorumlu gen&#8221; yat\u0131yordu. \u0130nsan Genomu Projesi&#8217;nin ilk vaadi de buydu: hayat\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran yakla\u015f\u0131k 100.000 geni bir bir avlay\u0131p ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1641\">Ancak buradaki as\u0131l devrim, projenin bu beklentiyi yerle bir etmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130nsan Genomu Projesi, beklenen 100.000 gen yerine yaln\u0131zca 20.000 ila 25.000 aras\u0131nda gen oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu say\u0131sal \u015fok, basit bir &#8220;bunun geni \u015fudur&#8221; mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 parampar\u00e7a etti ve bilimi karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kucaklamaya zorlad\u0131. Art\u0131k tek bir sorumlu gen avlamak yerine, milyonlarca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck genetik varyasyona (SNP olarak bilinen Tek N\u00fckleotid Polimorfizmleri) odaklan\u0131l\u0131yor. Rose&#8217;un belirtti\u011fi gibi, tek bir &#8220;normal&#8221; insan genomu yoktur:\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2158\">Ancak insan genomunun dizilenmesi tek bir &#8220;normal&#8221; dizi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131. &#8230; genomda bireylerin birbirinden tek bir baz kadar az bir farkla ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 milyonlarca b\u00f6lge vard\u0131&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2335\">Bu de\u011fi\u015fimin derin bir anlam\u0131 var: Art\u0131k kaderi genlerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan bireyler de\u011filiz. Bunun yerine, s\u00fcrekli olarak &#8220;genetik risk alt\u0131nda&#8221; olan yeni bir t\u00fcr insan, yani &#8220;somatik birey&#8221; ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu bireyin etik g\u00f6revi art\u0131k sadece &#8220;iyi&#8221; ya da &#8220;k\u00f6t\u00fc&#8221; olmak de\u011fil, kendi biyolojik gelece\u011finin ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve giri\u015fimci bir y\u00f6neticisi olmakt\u0131r. Hayat, sabit bir yazg\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, y\u00f6netilmesi gereken bir olas\u0131l\u0131klar ve gelecekteki ihtimaller portf\u00f6y\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"2803\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph heading3 ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"2803\"><strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2803\">Mutluluk Haplar\u0131 &#8220;Sahte&#8221; Bir Siz Yaratmaz; &#8220;Ger\u00e7ek&#8221; Sizi Geri Getirmeyi Vaat Eder<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"2887\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2887\">Prozac gibi psikofarmas\u00f6tik ila\u00e7lar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda yayg\u0131n bir korku vard\u0131r: bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f, yapay bir mutluluk ve sahte benlikler yaratan &#8220;kozmetik psikofarmakoloji&#8221; ara\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu ele\u015ftiriye g\u00f6re, bu haplar bizi \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"3152\">Fakat Nikolas Rose&#8217;un ortaya koydu\u011fu rahats\u0131z edici paradoks \u015fudur ki, bu ila\u00e7lar asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok geleneksel bir &#8220;\u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck eti\u011fi&#8221; i\u00e7inde i\u015flemektedir. Ona g\u00f6re, bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n pazarlamas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131, yeni bir benlik yaratma iddias\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Aksine, depresyon veya anksiyete nedeniyle kaybedilmi\u015f olan &#8220;ger\u00e7ek benli\u011fi&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"3470\">geri getirmeyi<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"3484\"> vaat eder.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"3495\">Paxil&#8217;in &#8220;Merhaba ben&#8221; (<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"3519\">Hello me<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"3527\">) slogan\u0131 bu mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Benzer \u015fekilde, Ritalin \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ebeveynlerin ilac\u0131n uysal bir robot yaratmak yerine, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f &#8220;ger\u00e7ek benli\u011finin&#8221; ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin verdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. Bu durum, kimli\u011fimizi y\u00f6netilebilen, optimize edilebilen ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn oldu\u011funu hissetti\u011fimiz duruma geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclebilen bir &#8220;n\u00f6rokimyasal benlik&#8221; olarak \u00e7er\u00e7eveliyor. Ruh halimiz ve duygular\u0131m\u0131z art\u0131k beyin kimyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netilebilir bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"4022\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph heading3 ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"4022\"><strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"4022\">Biyolojiniz Art\u0131k Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r (ve Bir Sermaye Kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r)<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"4089\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"4089\">Rose, &#8220;biyolojik vatanda\u015fl\u0131k&#8221; ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kavram\u0131 ortaya at\u0131yor. Bu, haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, kimli\u011fimizin ve toplumdan taleplerimizin giderek artan bir \u015fekilde genetik yap\u0131m\u0131z veya hastal\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z gibi biyolojik do\u011fam\u0131za ba\u011flanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"4340\">Ancak bu, yaln\u0131zca devletin yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kontrol bi\u00e7imi de\u011fil. Hasta destek gruplar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru geli\u015fen aktivizmi de bu s\u00fcrecin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na PXE (Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum) te\u015fhisi konan Terry ailesi taraf\u0131ndan kurulan\u00a0<\/span><b class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"4622\">PXE International<\/b><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"4639\">, hastalar\u0131 organize etti, ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in bir kan ve doku bankas\u0131 olu\u015fturdu ve PXE geninin patentinin ortak sahibi olmak i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde m\u00fczakere y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"4803\">Bu t\u00fcr bir aktivizm, hastalar\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve biyoteknoloji \u015firketlerinin umutlar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi yeni bir &#8220;umut ekonomisi&#8221; yarat\u0131yor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, hayat\u0131n kendisini yeni bir sermaye bi\u00e7imine, yani &#8220;biyosermaye&#8221;ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor. DNA dizilimleri ve dokular art\u0131k de\u011fer bi\u00e7ilebilen, ticareti yap\u0131labilen ve patentlenebilen varl\u0131klar haline geliyor. Bu yeni aktif vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ruhu, BBC&#8217;nin iki farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemdeki program ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki z\u0131tl\u0131kla m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir. Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce yay\u0131mlanan\u00a0<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5310\">Hayat\u0131n\u0131z Onlar\u0131n Ellerinde<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5337\">\u00a0(<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5339\">Your Life in Their Hands<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5363\">) dizisi, hastalar\u0131n doktorlara olan pasif ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yordu. Rose&#8217;a g\u00f6re, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ruhunu ise \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131k yakal\u0131yor:\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5488\">Belki de, o zaman, bu yeni eti\u011fin simgesi, 2004&#8217;te bir BBC radyo dizisinin, kendilerini belirli rahats\u0131zl\u0131klarla te\u015fhis edilmi\u015f bulanlar\u0131n faaliyetlerini&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5645\">Hayat\u0131m\u0131z Bizim Ellerimizde<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5672\">\u00a0(<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5674\">Our Lives in Our Hands<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5696\">) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nlamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"5724\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph heading3 ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"5724\"><strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5724\">Art\u0131k Doktorun G\u00f6z\u00fcyle De\u011fil, &#8220;Molek\u00fcler Bir Bak\u0131\u015fla&#8221; G\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"5790\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"5790\">Michel Foucault, bir zamanlar t\u0131bb\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn bedene, organlara ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr semptomlara odaklanan &#8220;klinik bak\u0131\u015f&#8221; kavram\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu, hayat\u0131 &#8220;molar&#8221; yani b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte anlamakt\u0131. Nikolas Rose ise bug\u00fcn bu bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n yerini yeni bir &#8220;molek\u00fcler bak\u0131\u015f&#8221;\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Molek\u00fcler bak\u0131\u015f, hayat\u0131 molek\u00fcller, DNA dizilimleri, proteinler ve enzimler d\u00fczeyinde anlamak ve bu d\u00fczeye m\u00fcdahale etmek demektir.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"6200\">2003&#8217;teki SARS salg\u0131n\u0131 bu de\u011fi\u015fimi m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir. Salg\u0131na verilen halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepkisi gelenekseldi: karantina, seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131. Ancak ilk bilimsel tepki tamamen molek\u00fclerdi: &#8220;Salg\u0131na neden olan vir\u00fcs, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fcn (DS\u00d6) ilk alarm\u0131ndan haftalar sonra genotiplendi.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"6504\">Buradaki as\u0131l devrim \u015fudur: Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, kendimize dair ontolojimizi de de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor. Eskiden genlerimizin, ki\u015fili\u011fimizin derinliklerinde yatan ve kaderimizi belirleyen gizli bir &#8220;hakikat&#8221; oldu\u011funu varsayan &#8220;derinlik ontolojisi&#8221;nden uzakla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Art\u0131k hayat\u0131, devrelerden ve a\u011flardan olu\u015fan &#8220;d\u00fczle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir d\u00fcnya&#8221; olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu yeni d\u00fcnyada genlerimiz, de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez bir kaderden ziyade, m\u00fcdahale edilebilir, karma\u015f\u0131k bir a\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu fikir, birinci maddedeki risk y\u00f6netimi mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k, d\u00fczeltilmeyi bekleyen bir molek\u00fcler hataya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"7113\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph heading3 ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"7113\"><strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"7113\">T\u0131pta &#8220;Irk&#8221; Kavram\u0131 Geri D\u00f6nd\u00fc, Ama D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz Gibi De\u011fil<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"7175\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"7175\">&#8220;Bilimsel \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k&#8221; ve \u00f6jeninin karanl\u0131k tarihi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0131rk\u0131n biyolojik bir temeli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sosyal bir in\u015fa oldu\u011fu fikri sosyolojide geni\u015f kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, Rose&#8217;un genomik t\u0131pta \u0131rksal kategorilerin yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair provokatif arg\u00fcman\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta endi\u015fe verici gelebilir.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"7484\">Ancak Rose, bunun eski \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bilime basit bir geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Yeni mant\u0131k \u015funa dayan\u0131yor: Pop\u00fclasyon genetik\u00e7ileri, farkl\u0131 pop\u00fclasyon gruplar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131klarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, t\u0131bbi olarak anlaml\u0131 genomik varyasyonlar oldu\u011funu iddia ediyorlar. Bu bilgi, tedavileri hedeflemek ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki sa\u011fl\u0131k e\u015fitsizliklerini gidermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kalp yetmezli\u011fi ilac\u0131\u00a0<\/span><b class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"7883\">BiDil<\/b><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"7888\">, \u00f6zellikle Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 hastalar i\u00e7in onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"7947\">Bu durum derin bir ikilem yarat\u0131yor. Rose&#8217;a g\u00f6re genetik\u00e7iler bile \u0131rk\u0131n genetik farkl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in &#8220;zay\u0131f bir vekil&#8221; (<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"8062\">a weak surrogate<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"8078\">) oldu\u011funu kabul ediyor. Ancak as\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan, bu kategorilerin zay\u0131f bir vekil olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen t\u0131bbi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ve tedavilerde\u00a0<\/span><i class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"8214\">kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n<\/i><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"8229\">\u00a0yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7tur. Bu &#8220;d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel etki&#8221;, \u0131rk gibi sosyal olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f kategorileri pratikte ger\u00e7ek ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olan &#8220;biyososyal topluluklar&#8221; haline getiriyor. Mesele \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rmak de\u011fil; genomik \u00e7a\u011fda insan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmenin karma\u015f\u0131k ve rahats\u0131z edici yollar\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fmektir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"8539\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph heading3 ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"8539\"><strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"8539\">&#8220;Hayat\u0131n Kendisini&#8221; Yeniden \u015eekillendirirken<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start-index=\"8590\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"8590\">Bu be\u015f de\u011fi\u015fim \u2013determinizmden riske, sahte benliklerden \u00f6zg\u00fcn benliklere, pasif hastalardan biyolojik vatanda\u015flara, klinikten molek\u00fcle ve \u0131rk\u0131n beklenmedik geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne\u2013 birbirinden kopuk olgular de\u011fil. Bunlar, Rose&#8217;un &#8220;hayati siyaset&#8221; olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 y\u00fczleridir. Art\u0131k &#8220;somatik birey&#8221; (1), biyolojik risklerini y\u00f6netirken, otantikli\u011fini yeniden kazanmak i\u00e7in &#8220;n\u00f6rokimyasal benli\u011fin&#8221; (2) ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yor. Bu birey, hak talep etmek ve kaynaklara eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in aktif bir &#8220;biyolojik vatanda\u015fa&#8221; (3) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor; &#8220;molek\u00fcler bak\u0131\u015f&#8221; (4) ile anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p y\u00f6netiliyor ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te t\u0131bb\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131rksal kategorilerle (5) bo\u011fu\u015fmak zorunda kal\u0131yor. Bunlar, modern bireyin bu yeni siyasi manzarada oynamak zorunda oldu\u011fu farkl\u0131 rollerdir.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"9380\">Bu durum bizi temel bir soruyla ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131yor: &#8220;&#8216;Hayat\u0131n kendisini&#8217; tasarlama yetene\u011fimiz artt\u0131k\u00e7a, ne t\u00fcr insanlar olmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fine kim karar verecek?&#8221; Bu, sadece bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n veya politikac\u0131lar\u0131n de\u011fil, hepimizin cevaplamas\u0131 gereken bir sorudur.<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kendimizi Anlama Sanat\u0131m\u0131z De\u011fi\u015fiyor \u00c7o\u011fumuz kendimizi belli kal\u0131plarla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n\u0131z. Kaderimizin genlerimizde yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ki\u015fili\u011fimizin sabit ve de\u011fi\u015fmez oldu\u011fu ya da sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hastal\u0131k ve esenlik gibi basit ikiliklerden ibaret oldu\u011fu fikri bize tan\u0131d\u0131k gelir. Bu varsay\u0131mlar, kim oldu\u011fumuza dair temel anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015fekillendirir.\u00a0Ancak sosyolog Nikolas Rose&#8217;a g\u00f6re, g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde sessiz bir devrim ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Biyoloji ve t\u0131ptaki [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kavramlarkuramlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=414"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":474,"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions\/474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyolojikalan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}